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The Allied Kommandatura, or often just Kommandatura, also known as the ''Alliierte Kommandantur'' in German, was the governing body for the city of Berlin following Germany's defeat in World War II. The victorious allied powers established control of post-war Germany and other territories via shared Military Government councils, including for Berlin. The Kommandatura was often known as the little brother〔(Article, Allied Control Council (ACA) and The Allied Kommandatura ). Retrieved: 25MAY13〕 to the Allied Control Council, which had the same function for the whole of Germany, and was subordinate to it.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 6〕 It originally comprised representatives from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union but later included France. The Kommandatura had its home in the Berlin district of Dahlem.〔(Article, Allied Control Council (ACA) and The Allied Kommandatura ). Retrieved: 25MAY13〕 == Creation == President Roosevelt declared at the Casablanca Conference in early 1943 that the goal of the war was the unconditional surrender of Germany. To that end, and during the following many months, the leading Allied powers planned and gave form to the task of dividing Germany, and how to govern her after the war. The London Protocol of September, 1944, established the division of Germany into zones of occupation, and the city of Berlin into sectors. Additionally, Berlin was to be governed by an ''Allied Komendatura'' (sic). The Soviets fought for and captured Berlin by the beginning of May, 1945, and set up camp not only their own sector, but took control over the whole of Greater Berlin. The U.S. and British entered Berlin later, on July 1, and July 24, respectively. By that time the Soviets had plundered and pillaged the western sectors of Berlin. They had removed vital industrial infrastructure on a wholesale scale, and had taken most of what was left in the city in terms of agriculture and livestock.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, pages 44-45〕 The U.S. commandant, Major General Floyd L. Parks, tasked his divisional G5 and later deputy, Colonel Frank L. Howley,〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 45〕 to prepare a general plan for the basis of an Allied Kommandatura, based on a Russian proposal.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 52〕 Howley had arrived in Berlin July 1, 1945,〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, pages 42-44〕 as leader of the joint U.S.–British Military Government detachment, although the U.S. didn't take over their sector officially until July 12, when the Russians finally moved out.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 51〕 By this time the French had also obtained their own sector in the north of Berlin, carved out of the British sector, but were not invited to participate in the initial meetings.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 52〕 In any case, Howley's plan was in preparation for the first high-level post-war meeting between the Allies regarding Berlin, and outlined conditions for quadripartite governance. General Lucius D. Clay, Eisenhower's deputy, Robert Murphy, Eisenhower's political adviser, and others flew in to Berlin for the meeting. Berlin's fate was sealed, however, prior to the July 7 meeting. Clay and others let Parks know, in no uncertain terms, that Berlin was to be governed unanimously in all instances. Howley's plan was carefully worked out and allowed governance on a divided basis when unanimity could not be obtained, but Clay was following orders from Washington. General Clay and the British, including Gen. Sir Ronald Weeks and Sir William Strang, were caught flat-footed at the meeting, and subsequently deferred to the Soviets on so many issues. Their chief representatives were Marshals Zhukov and Sokolovsky, both of whom had great experience in moving a situation to their advantage. Howley indicated that the signed "Komandatura agreement put the Soviets in the saddle."〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, pages 52-59〕 The next meeting on July 11, 1945, represented the first actual meeting of the Allied Kommandatura, where the four-power Council of Commandants began governing the city.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, page 61〕 One major, initial task remained: where to meet. This was left to the Kommandatura deputies to resolve. The Soviets offered one possible location for Kommandatura headquarters, but it was far removed in a distant Berlin suburb. The British offered several damaged buildings and a hotel in their sector. Howley initially offered a building on Lake Wannsee, but others objected that they would never get any work done in such a beautiful setting. Finally he suggested another site not far distant from the American military headquarters, which was accepted by all on the condition that it was made serviceable.〔Berlin Command, Brig. General Frank Howley, 1950, pages 62-63〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Allied Kommandatura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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